



arXiv 2024 research paper providing practical guidance on HNSW, flat, and inverted indexes for dense/sparse retrieval in vector systems. Reviews performance benchmarks across retrievers. For research/academic optimization of AI retrieval; compares index choices vs 2026 hybrid trends.
Practical advice for retriever indexes.
| Index | Dense Perf | Sparse Perf | 2026 Hybrids |
|---|---|---|---|
| HNSW | High | Medium | Combined |
arXiv:2409.06464
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