Milvus

Milvus Distributed is the cluster mode of the scalable open-source vector database for AI embeddings search, supporting HNSW, IVF, and NGT indexes in high-availability distributed setups. It provides GPU support, billion-scale capacity, real-time upsert/query capabilities, and multi-modal vector handling. Suited for RAG, recommendations, and image/video search at enterprise scale. Self-hosted unlike Pinecone's managed offering, and more ANN-centric than Weaviate.

VLDB 2022 paper introducing Manu, a cloud-native vector database management system designed for scalable similarity search in cloud environments with separated storage and compute architecture.

SIGKDD 2022 paper introducing BLISS, a billion-scale indexing method using iterative re-partitioning for large-scale approximate nearest neighbor search.

Distributed NoSQL database with vector search capabilities via Storage-Attached Indexes (SAI) in Cassandra 5.0+. Uses Lucene HNSW for approximate nearest neighbor search. This is an OSS database under Apache 2.0 license.

Milvus WebUI provides management for the scalable open-source vector DB ecosystem, enabling oversight of HNSW/IVF/NGT indexed collections in distributed/cluster/embedded Milvus modes. Supports monitoring of GPU-accelerated, billion-scale, real-time multi-modal operations. Facilitates RAG, recommendations, image/video search management; pairs with self-hosted Milvus vs Pinecone/Weaviate alternatives.

Open-source distributed SQL database with integrated vector search for storing embeddings alongside relational data, offering strong SQL-based filtering, hybrid search, and high scalability for production RAG and AI applications.